Friday, January 24, 2020

Salt Pollution :: essays research papers

Salt Pollution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As awareness for pollution increases, other forms of pollution are defined. Almost everyone knows about toxic waste and carbon dioxide pollution, but not many people have heard of salt pollution. Salt pollution has been on the increase since the evolution of the automobile. With more pressure on government agencies to keep the highway clear and safe, an increase in the use of salt has developed. It is important to understand why salt is used and how it work as well as the environmental effects to understand the salt pollution problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt is a necessary and accepted part of the winter environment. It provides safety and mobility for motorists, commercial vehicles and emergency vehicles. Salt is used as the principal deicer because it is the most available and cost-effective deicer. Rock salt is preferred because it is cheap and effective. It costs 20 dollars a ton where as an alternative like calcium magnesium cost around 700 dollars a ton. Some 10 million tons of deicing salt is used each year in the U.S. and about 3 million in Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt is used to keep snow and ice from bonding to the pavement and to allow snowplows to remove. When salt is applied to ice and snow it creates a brine that has a lower freezing temperature than the surrounding ice or snow. Salt is the ideal deicing material because it is:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢the least expensive deicer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢easy to spread   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢easy to store and handle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢readily available   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢non-toxic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢harmless to skin and clothing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt pollution is broken into two main groups. Water, which includes the effects on ground water, surface water and aquatic life and land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of the salt applied to the roadways eventually ends up in the ground water. It is estimated that 30% to 50% of the salt used travels into the ground water. Salt effect two areas of ground water, chloride concentration and sodium concentration. Chlorides may be present in the form of sodium chloride crystals or as a ion in a solution. Normal concentrations in the water are average around 10 mg/litre. Concentrations found in ground water near major highways have been recorded as high as 250 mg/litre which is around the threshold of taste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main factor with ground water pollution is the risk to human health. The raised level in sodium in water can cause high blood pressure and hypertension. With people who already suffer from these problem it is necessary to keep their salt intake relatively low, they should not drink water above 20 mg/liter. Although this is recommended, a study of private well water in Toronto showed that half the wells exceeded this limit, twenty percent exceeded Salt Pollution :: essays research papers Salt Pollution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As awareness for pollution increases, other forms of pollution are defined. Almost everyone knows about toxic waste and carbon dioxide pollution, but not many people have heard of salt pollution. Salt pollution has been on the increase since the evolution of the automobile. With more pressure on government agencies to keep the highway clear and safe, an increase in the use of salt has developed. It is important to understand why salt is used and how it work as well as the environmental effects to understand the salt pollution problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt is a necessary and accepted part of the winter environment. It provides safety and mobility for motorists, commercial vehicles and emergency vehicles. Salt is used as the principal deicer because it is the most available and cost-effective deicer. Rock salt is preferred because it is cheap and effective. It costs 20 dollars a ton where as an alternative like calcium magnesium cost around 700 dollars a ton. Some 10 million tons of deicing salt is used each year in the U.S. and about 3 million in Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt is used to keep snow and ice from bonding to the pavement and to allow snowplows to remove. When salt is applied to ice and snow it creates a brine that has a lower freezing temperature than the surrounding ice or snow. Salt is the ideal deicing material because it is:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢the least expensive deicer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢easy to spread   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢easy to store and handle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢readily available   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢non-toxic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢harmless to skin and clothing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salt pollution is broken into two main groups. Water, which includes the effects on ground water, surface water and aquatic life and land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of the salt applied to the roadways eventually ends up in the ground water. It is estimated that 30% to 50% of the salt used travels into the ground water. Salt effect two areas of ground water, chloride concentration and sodium concentration. Chlorides may be present in the form of sodium chloride crystals or as a ion in a solution. Normal concentrations in the water are average around 10 mg/litre. Concentrations found in ground water near major highways have been recorded as high as 250 mg/litre which is around the threshold of taste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main factor with ground water pollution is the risk to human health. The raised level in sodium in water can cause high blood pressure and hypertension. With people who already suffer from these problem it is necessary to keep their salt intake relatively low, they should not drink water above 20 mg/liter. Although this is recommended, a study of private well water in Toronto showed that half the wells exceeded this limit, twenty percent exceeded

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Dangers of Refined Sugar

In 1957, Dr. William Coda Martin tried to answer the question: When is a food a food and when is it a poison? His working definition of â€Å"poison† was: â€Å"Medically: Any substance applied to the body, ingested or developed within the body, which causes or may cause disease. Physically: Any substance which inhibits the activity of a catalyst which is a minor substance, chemical or enzyme that activates a reaction. â€Å"1 The dictionary gives an even broader definition for â€Å"poison†: â€Å"to exert a harmful influence on, or to pervert†.Dr. Martin classified refined sugar as a poison because it has been depleted of its life forces, vitamins and minerals. â€Å"What is left consists of pure, refined carbohydrates. The body cannot utilize this refined starch and carbohydrate unless the depleted proteins, vitamins and minerals are present. Nature supplies these elements in each plant in quantities sufficient to metabolize the carbohydrate in that particu lar plant. There is no excess for other added carbohydrates.Incomplete carbohydrate metabolism results in the formation of ‘toxic metabolite' such as pyruvic acid and abnormal sugars containing five carbon atoms. Pyruvic acid accumulates in the brain and nervous system and the abnormal sugars in the red blood cells. These toxic metabolites interfere with the respiration of the cells. They cannot get sufficient oxygen to survive and function normally. In time, some of the cells die. This interferes with the function of a part of the body and is the beginning of degenerative disease. â€Å"2Refined sugar is lethal when ingested by humans because it provides only that which nutritionists describe as â€Å"empty† or â€Å"naked† calories. It lacks the natural minerals which are present in the sugar beet or cane. In addition, sugar is worse than nothing because it drains and leaches the body of precious vitamins and minerals through the demand its digestion, detoxifi cation and elimination makes upon one's entire system. So essential is balance to our bodies that we have many ways to provide against the sudden shock of a heavy intake of sugar.Minerals such as sodium (from salt), potassium and magnesium (from vegetables), and calcium (from the bones) are mobilized and used in chemical transmutation; neutral acids are produced which attempt to return the acid-alkaline balance factor of the blood to a more normal state. Recommended Reading: †¢The Health Dangers of Refined Sugar †¢7 Reasons Why Stevia is Better Than Refined Sugar †¢5 Health Dangers of High Fructose Corn Syrup Sugar taken every day produces a continuously overacid condition, and more and more minerals are required from deep in the body in the attempt to rectify the imbalance.Finally, in order to protect the blood, so much calcium is taken from the bones and teeth that decay and general weakening begin. Excess sugar eventually affects every organ in the body. Initially, it is stored in the liver in the form of glucose (glycogen). Since the liver's capacity is limited, a daily intake of refined sugar (above the required amount of natural sugar) soon makes the liver expand like a balloon. When the liver is filled to its maximum capacity, the excess glycogen is returned to the blood in the form of fatty acids.These are taken to every part of the body and stored in the most inactive areas: the belly, the buttocks, the breasts and the thighs. When these comparatively harmless places are completely filled, fatty acids are then distributed among active organs, such as the heart and kidneys. These begin to slow down; finally their tissues degenerate and turn to fat. The whole body is affected by their reduced ability, and abnormal blood pressure is created. The parasympathetic nervous system is affected; and organs governed by it, such as the small brain, become inactive or paralyzed. Normal brain function is rarely thought of as being as biologic as dige stion. ) The circulatory and lymphatic systems are invaded, and the quality of the red corpuscles starts to change. An overabundance of white cells occurs, and the creation of tissue becomes slower. Our body's tolerance and immunizing power becomes more limited, so we cannot respond properly to extreme attacks, whether they be cold, heat, mosquitoes or microbes. Excessive sugar has a strong mal-effect on the functioning of the brain.The key to orderly brain function is glutamic acid, a vital compound found in many vegetables. The B vitamins play a major role in dividing glutamic acid into antagonistic-complementary compounds which produce a â€Å"proceed† or â€Å"control† response in the brain. B vitamins are also manufactured by symbiotic bacteria which live in our intestines. When refined sugar is taken daily, these bacteria wither and die, and our stock of B vitamins gets very low. Too much sugar makes one sleepy; our ability to calculate and remember is lost.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Porters 5 Forces for Del Monte India - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 897 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Company name: Field Fresh Pvt. Ltd. (Del Monte Foods) SBU: Processed foods beverages Strategic group: Nestle (Maggi), HUL (Kissan), Dabur (Real) Industry Analysis: A. Bargaining Power of Suppliers-Low * Switching costs- low * Differentiation of inputs- low * Threat of forward integration- high * Supplier concentration- low The Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces† framework for packaged food beverage industry analysis Bargaining Power of Buyers- Low * Buyer concentration: less * Buyer Volume: low * Switching cost: low * Brand identity: strong * Ability to backward integrate: less Threat of Potential Substitutes- High * Price performance differentiation: low * Switching cost: low * Buyer propensity to substitute: high Threat of New Entrants- Medium * Brand Identity: strong * Switching costs: low * Access to distribution: tough * Proprietary product differences: low * Capital requirements: High * Access to necessary inputs: Tough Industry competitors Degree of Rivalry- High * Industry is expected to grow at CAGR of 9% * Brand identity: Strong * Switching costs: low * Product differences: low * Diversity of Competitors: high B. Key Success Factors: a) Distribution-related KSFs: * A large network of distributors Efficient and responsive supply chain * Efficient usage of Retailer shelf space as Display * Trustworthy relationship with retailers b) Marketing-related KSFs: * Top of the mind brand recall * Motivated Sales team trained in having good product knowledge * Point of Sale advertising * Special offers and bulk buy deals for retailers * Attractive and strong product packaging c) Other types of KSFs: * High product quality standards in norm with food standards and guidelines * Product innovation capabilities with respect to new product launch and time to market C. Industry’s Dominant Features: * Market size and growth rate Number of rivals: In certain product categories, such as, ketchup and sauces, the industry is dominated by a few large companies with national presence but overall it is fragmented into many small and regional companies. * Number of buyers: Market demand is fragmented among several buyers across the country and hence buyers do not enjoy much of bargaining power * Degree of product differentiation: Product of other companies is less differentiated leading to heightened price competition. * Product Innovation: Development of new and differentiated products is important D. Industry Driving Forces: * Booming modern retail Increasing globalisation of industry leading to several foreign companies foraying into India * Changes in consumer behaviour ma rked by increased health consciousness and adoption of urban and outgoing lifestyle * Burgeoning middle class with increased purchasing power SWOT StrengthReputed and trusted International BrandEntry in India with Bharti, a well-known brandHuge investment potentialHigh quality of products| Weakness Presently sales volume is too low, so difficult to retain distributors, and get new ones. Products are not available in sachets and tetra packs (lower priced), hence people put off. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Porters 5 Forces for Del Monte India" essay for you Create order There are packaging issues with juices (Metal Cans)High credit period handicaps distributors. | OpportunityImmense market potential in India Increasing Income level of peoplePeople are slowly developing taste of canned juices which is good for companyPeople are liking the taste of company’s ketchup with its unique flavorsVery less competition for few products like fruit cock tail, fruit slices etc| ThreatWith more and more players entering into market, the competition has made it a price war with very low margins. Distributor confidence is very low as the products do not move as fast as competitors. Due to high credit period given to retailers, Distributor money is blocked causing them to lose interest and thus motivation to promote products on their own| Building Competitive Advantage: Resource-based view The company derives its competitive advantage from the valuable resources it has. The biggest resource that the Co is leveraging is the global product range and brand identity of Del Monte and the backing of Indian partner Bharti Enterprises further add to the credibility of the Brand in India which differentiates it from its competitors. 1. Threat to Sustainability Imitation- Local importers are importing foreign products in the same space and climbing the peak that has started flattening because of heightened competition. * Substitution- Several companies which are hitherto in contract manufacturing are forward integrating and displacing the company’s business model of importing Del Monte products and marketing in India. Private labels of retailer are yet another thre at to sustainability. * Hold-up- Tremendous amount of added value created is lost to retailers and the distributors as the Brand Del Monte is newly launched in India and it doesn’t enjoy much of bargaining power. The company has to give special offers to both the distributors and the retailers to stock the company’s products which eat into the value created. * Slack- Lack of performance-based pay leaves the company’s sales men less motivated to maximize the sales. Secondly, frequent defects in the product packaging leads to sales return causing dead stock that dissipates the added value. 2. Strategic challenges facing the company * Pan India penetration- India has a huge market potential but there is cut throat competition and price war between major FMCG players. To reach across the length and breadth of country is a formidable task in front of company. * Creating Brand awareness- Top of the mind recall for Del Monte products is still low in India despite the promotions carried out by the Co. * Building long-term relationships with the distributors and retailers- As the Co. is new in India its products are not as fast moving as its competitors leading to delayed payments from retailers to distributors and at times the payments due even go bad debt leaving the distributor in the distressed state. Thus, many dealers leave the dealership causing the disruption in the supply chain.